Tympanosclerosis is a condition in which there is calcification of tissue in the eardrum and middle ear, including the tympanic membrane. If extensive, it may affect hearing. Tympanosclerosis may be classified as: • Myringosclerosis - involving only the tympanic membrane.

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Jan 22, 2017 - Myringosclerosis and tympanosclerosis are similar conditions which affect the middle ear, causing the ear drum to appear bright white. The whiteness is due to calcium deposits which form on the tympanic membrane, which is more commonly called the ear drum. Tympanosclerosis can cause symptoms such as hearing loss.

• Intratympanic tympanosclerosis - involving other middle ear sites: the ossicular chain or, rarely, the mastoid cavity. Aetiology • The precise cause is not understood. It may be an abnormal healing response. • Tympanosclerosis commonly develops secondary to acute and chronic otitis media. [] • Studies have shown that there are identical risk factors for atherosclerosis and tympanosclerosis. Patients with tympanosclerosis have high levels of homocysteine, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglyceride. [] • Children who have had a ventilation tube (grommet) inserted for otitis media with effusion have a higher risk of developing tympanosclerosis.

[]This risk has been reported as 11-37%. Management Treatment is only required if there is hearing loss.

• Hearing aids can be beneficial, as with any form of conductive hearing loss. • Surgery: • Surgery for tympanosclerosis involves excision of the sclerotic areas and reconstruction of the ossicular chain. • Stapes mobilisation is usually required.

[] • There are various surgical procedures and some involve two-stage surgery. Reported success rates are variable.

• Manubrio-stapedioplasty has been shown to be an effective method for ossicular reconstruction in cases of malleus and incus fixation due to tympanosclerosis. [] • In those patients with isolated malleus fixation with tympanosclerosis, performing a canaloplasty to clean the sclerotic plaques without damaging the normal anatomy of the ossicle system using a diamond burr is a safe surgical option that provides significant recovery in hearing levels. [] • Surgery for tympanosclerosis usually results in significant improvement of hearing. • Damage to the inner ear is a possible and serious complication, which can cause sensorineural deafness. •; Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacteria pylori in the development of tympanosclerosis.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. •; Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with tympanosclerosis: Common risk factors with atherosclerosis? Kaohsiung J Med Sci.

2015 Apr31(4):199-202. Doi: 10.1016/j.kjms.2015.01.003. Epub 2015 Feb 9. •; Surgical treatments for otitis media with effusion: a systematic review. 2014 Feb133(2):296-311. Jhumka gira re remix mp3 song free download.

Doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-3228. Epub 2014 Jan 6. •; Grommets for otitis media with effusion in children with cleft palate: a systematic review. 2014 Nov134(5):983-94. Doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-0323. Epub 2014 Oct 6. •; ENT USA •; Transtympanic endoscopy for diagnosis of middle ear pathology.

Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2013 Apr46(2):227-32. Doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2012.10.006. •; Bone conduction improvement after surgery for conductive hearing loss. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011 Jul63(3):201-4. Doi: 10.1007/s12070-011-0130-0.

Epub 2011 Feb 23. •; Manubrio-stapedioplasty: new surgical technique for malleus and incus fixation due to tympanosclerosis.

J Laryngol Otol. 2015 Jun129(6):587-90. Doi: 10.1017/S000973. Epub 2015 Apr 17. •; Surgery of isolated malleus fixation due to tympanosclerosis.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.

Books.google.co.th - A textbook in the Illustrated Colour Text series on ENT, aimed at medical students and junior doctors.Concise presentation of ENT in the attractive ICT format - clear line diagrams, colour photos of clinical conditions, summary boxes etc.Covers a topic which is important in primary care - medical students. Ear, Nose and Throat and Head and Neck Surgery E-Book.